Technical NOAA Weather Discussion

FXUS66 KMTR 211158
AFDMTR

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service San Francisco CA
358 AM PST Sat Dec 21 2024

...New AVIATION, BEACHES...

.SYNOPSIS...
Issued at 250 AM PST Sat Dec 21 2024

A parade of systems will bring compounding impacts to the Bay Area 
and Central Coast. Life-threatening bay, ocean, and beach 
conditions linger through next week.

&&

.SHORT TERM...
(Today and Sunday) 
Issued at 250 AM PST Sat Dec 21 2024

The first shortwave and its associated surface cold front will move 
through the region this morning. Rainfall totals will be as high as 
1.25" in the higher terrain of the North Bay with amounts tapering 
off significantly from north to south. Southerly winds will increase 
through the morning as the cold front encroaches the area with 
occasional gusts up to 40 mph likely in the higher terrain and 
along the coast, particularly in the North Bay. While this first 
system is largely forecast to be unimpactful in terms of rain and 
wind, it will have an impact on what transpires with the more 
significant systems next week by providing the antecedent 
conditions. The region is also coming off the heels of an impactful 
storm last weekend, so while winds are not expected to be anywhere 
near what was experienced last weekend, soils approaching saturation 
with winds from an abnormal direction may allow for trees that were 
sufficiently damaged last weekend to lose damaged branches or come 
down altogether. 

SPC has highlighted the North Bay for general or non-severe 
thunderstorms through 4 AM Sunday. Let's take a deeper dive into the 
ECMWF point sounding forecast for STS (Charles M. Schulz County 
Airport) at 15Z (7 AM) this morning. The three essential ingredients 
for convection are lift, instability, and moisture. The primary 
lifting mechanism will be the surface cold front with the secondary 
lifting mechanism being orographic lift. Surface based CAPE 
(Convective Available Potential Energy) hardly rises above 0 J/kg. 
When surface based CAPE does not show instability we look at most 
unstable CAPE which in this case shows 40 J/kg. Moisture will be 
provided from preceding rainfall. All that being said, the 
environment will be that of low CAPE and high shear which is typical 
for the area.

A High Surf Advisory will go into effect at 6 AM Saturday and run 
through 4 PM Sunday with life-threatening bay, ocean, and beach 
conditions lingering into next week.

Sunday's rainfall totals will largely be the product of warm frontal 
processes. QPF (Quantitative Precipitation Forecast) has trended 
down with this second shot of rainfall with totals up to 0.75" in 
the higher terrain of the North Bay with no wetting rains (0.10" 
or greater) expected south of the Golden Gate Bridge.

&&

.LONG TERM...
(Monday through Friday) 
Issued at 250 AM PST Sat Dec 21 2024

The first widespread impactful system of the forecast period will 
take place late-morning Monday through Tuesday afternoon. Rainfall 
totals up to 2.50" can be expected in the higher terrain of the 
North Bay with a gradual taper from north to south. Southerly winds 
will increase with the passage of the cold front with the 
probability of at least briefly reaching Wind Advisory criteria 
(wind gusts 45+ mph) increasing to 40%. There is also up to a 20% 
chance for thunderstorms with this system. WPC has highlighted Napa 
and Sonoma Counties for a marginal or at least 5% risk of rainfall 
exceeding flash flood guidance between 4 AM Monday and 4 AM Tuesday. 
This means isolated flash floods are possible and that they will be 
localized and primarily affecting places that can experience rapid 
runoff with heavy rainfall. As the rivers rise so will flooding 
concerns with forecasts showing a rapid rise beginning Monday night. 
Life-threatening bay, ocean, and beach conditions will linger 
through Tuesday with a High Surf Warning likely issued on the heels 
of the 6 AM Saturday through 4 PM Sunday High Surf Advisory.

Wednesday will see a break in the rain, giving rivers and their 
creeks and streams about 24 hours or so to at least somewhat recede. 
Thursday and Friday will bring the second widespread impactful 
system with rainfall totals up to 3.50" in the higher terrain of the 
North Bay with a more abrupt taper from north to south with WPC 
highlighting the North Bay for heavy precipitation Thursday and 
Friday. Impacts from this system will be heavily dependent on what 
happens preceding it and the antecedent conditions. The compounding 
effects of soils approaching saturation will make it more likely 
that trees will fall, mud and rock will slide, and creeks and 
streams will rise.

Below are mainstem forecast points and the ensemble forecast of 
exceeding (action/monitor stage), (minor flood stage) between Monday 
and next Sunday.

Sonoma County: 
Russian River - Guerneville (GUEC1): 39%, 25% 
Russian River - Healdsburg (HEAC1): 9%, <2%

Napa County: 
Napa River - St. Helena (SHEC1): 25%, 16% 
Napa River - Napa (APCC1): 16%, 9%

&&

.AVIATION...
(12Z TAFS)
Issued at 357 AM PST Sat Dec 21 2024

MVFR/IFR ceilings and/or visibilities expected over the Bay Area 
terminals and should prevail through the remainder of the TAF 
period, with the exception being KSJC which is forecast to lower by 
early this afternoon. Southerly winds will increase ahead of an 
approaching cold front that will bring rain to the Bay Area 
terminals between now and this afternoon, then VCSH for KMRY and 
KSNS where we are not expecting a steady rain. In wake of the 
frontal passage, expecting low ceilings tonight into Sunday morning 
along with generally light winds.

Vicinity of SFO...MVFR/IFR are expected to persist through the TAF 
period. Periods of light rain can be expected this morning and 
through the early afternoon before diminishing in coverage. 

SFO Bridge Approach...Similar to SFO.

Monterey Bay Terminals...MVFR/IFR ceilings are expected to persist 
through the TAF period. Expect SE winds at KMRY and KSNS by sunrise 
this morning, then easing after sunset. Light rain is expected to be 
in the area from late morning through at least early evening. May 
have a few lingering showers early Sunday morning with light and 
variable winds.

&&

.MARINE...
(Today through Thursday)
Issued at 250 AM PST Sat Dec 21 2024

Southerly winds have begun to increase over coastal water this
this morning as a storm system continues to move closer to the
California coast. Once the storm moves onshore, it will be
followed by a cold front that begins to sweep through early
morning bringing rain, isolated thunderstorms, gusty winds, and
building swell. Expect periods of gale force gusts north of Point
Reyes this morning, then spreading south over the waters off of
the SF Peninsula. Wave heights will remain elevated through late
next week with 15 to 20 foot waves Monday through Wednesday.
Expect dangerous conditions for small crafts through the weekend
into the beginning of next week. The elevated seas will continue
to produce enhanced shoaling at harbor entrances and bars.

&&

.BEACHES...
Issued at 357 AM PST Sat Dec 21 2024

Elevated surf of 20 to 26 feet, with occasional breakers up to 30 
feet at favored spots such as Mavericks, will occur this morning to 
Sunday afternoon as another system approaches the West Coast, with a 
High Surf Advisory issued for the Pacific coast from 6 AM Saturday 
through 4 PM Sunday.

Then, a very large and powerful, long period west swell train will 
likely arrive along our entire coastline Monday into Tuesday next 
week. Current global wave models are forecasting swell heights to 
20+ feet with very energetic swell periods of 20+ seconds, this will 
lead to much higher breakers including localized coastal flooding 
impacts. As mentioned above, this will result in life-threatening 
bay, ocean, and beach conditions lingering into next week. Stay 
tuned for further updates.

&&

.MTR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
CA...High Surf Advisory until 4 PM PST Sunday for CAZ006-505-509-529-
     530.

PZ...Small Craft Advisory from 9 AM this morning to 3 PM PST this 
     afternoon for SF Bay N of Bay Bridge.

     Small Craft Advisory from 3 PM this afternoon to 3 AM PST Monday 
     for Mry Bay.

     Gale Warning until 9 AM PST this morning for Pt Arena to Pt 
     Reyes 0-10 nm-Pt Arena to Pt Reyes 10-60 NM.

     Small Craft Advisory until 3 AM PST Monday for Pigeon Pt to Pt 
     Pinos 0-10 nm-Pigeon Pt to Pt Pinos 10-60 NM-Pt Pinos to Pt 
     Piedras Blancas 0-10 nm-Pt Reyes to Pigeon Pt 0-10 nm.

&&

$$

SHORT TERM...Sarment
LONG TERM....Sarment
AVIATION...RGass
MARINE...RGass

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Prepared by Boulder-Creek.com Weather at: Sat Dec 21 06:30:02 PST 2024
From the National Weather Service